ANNEX TABLES

Annex table 1. FDI outflows from the Triada to developing countries
and Africa, 1987-1997

(Millions of dollars)

Region/country

 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
European Union b  
Developing countries

Africa

World

 8 576.2

142.0

69 639.6

 10 825.3

308.1

88 434.6

 10 336.8

1 663.6

106 947.9

 13 018.8

537.9

119 520.6

 15 016.3

1 862.2

100 600.4

 11 447.0

1 221.6

93 937.2

 10 478.9

1 523.1

84 680.3

 16 463.8

824.3

103 744.7

 17 273.6

1 928.6

151 064.6

 29 177.5

3 282.6

146 474.8

 33 876.5

4 339.0

205 916.7
                       
United States                      
Developing countries

Africa

World

10 050.0

155.0

30 153.0

 6 256.0

-607.0

18 598.0

 10 688.0

-554.0

37 604.0

 13 440.0

-451.0

30 982.0

 11 006.0

75.0

32 696.0

 17 873.0

-84.0

42 647.0

 24 193.0

837.0

77 247.0

 28 907.0

762.0

73 252.0

 22 490.0

352.0

92 074.0

 25 978.0

737.0

74 833.0

 39 537.0

3 790.0

114 537.0
                       
Japan c                      
Developing countries

Africa

World

 4 419.0

165.5

20 299.1

5 708

492.5

35 464.3

 6 982.0

457.2

46 023.9

 4 987.0

488.9

50 497.0

 3 093.0

568.7

31 620.2

 1 332.0

121.2

17 390.3

 1 128.0

207.0

13 833.8

 5 482.0

152.5

18 089.1

 7 415.7

166.6

22 507.5

 8 263.9

101.4

23 442.0

 9 464.5

160.3

26 058.8
                       
Triad                      
Developing countries

Africa

World

23 045.2

462.4

120 091.7

 22 789.3

193.6

142 496.9

 28 006.8

1 566.8

190 575.8

 31 445.8

575.8

200 999.6

 29 115.3

2 506.0

164 916.6

 30 652.0

1 258.9

153 974.5

 35 799.9

2 567.1

175 761.1

 50 852.8

1 738.7

195 085.8

 47 179.3

2 447.3

265 646.1

 63 419.4

4 121.0

244 749.8

 82 878.0

8 289.3

346 512.5
                       
Memorandum: The share of developing countries and Africa in total FDI flows from the Triad.
Developing countries

Africa

World

19.2

0.4

100

 16

0.1

100

 14.7

0.8

100

 15.6

0.3

100

 17.7

1.5

100

 19.9

0.8

100

 20.4

1.5

100

 26.1

0.9

100

 17.8

0.9

100

 25.9

1.7

100

 23.9

2.4

100
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
a The European Union, Japan and the United States.
b Excluding Austria, Finland, Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Sweden.
c Because of the lack of detailed breakdowns for actual FDI flows, data on Africa was estimated by appying the percentage share of Africa in total approved FDI outflows.

 

Annex table 2. The number of bilateral investment treaties concluded by
individual African countries with developed and developing countries,
as of 1 January 1999

Country France Germany United
Kingdom		 United
States		 Japan Developed
countries		 Developing
countries		 Africa Total world
Africa 18 39 18 7 1 198 136a 56b 363c
Algeria 1 1 0 0 0 5 4 1 10
Angola 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Benin 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 3
Botswana 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2
Burkina Faso 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 1 4
Burndi 0 1 1 0 0 3 0 0 3
Cameroon 0 1 1 1 0 6 1 0 8
Cape Verde 0 1 0 0 0 6 3 1 9
Central African Republic 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Chad 1 1 0 0 0 4 1 1 5
Congo 1 1 1 1 0 6 0 0 6
Congo, Democratic Republic of 1 1 0 1 0 7 2 0 9
Cote d'Ivoire 0 1 1 0 0 6 1 1 7
Egypt 1 1 1 1 1 15 32 10 58
Equatorial Guinea 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Eritrea 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Ethiopia 0 1 0 0 0 3 2 0 5
Gabon 1 1 0 0 0 5 3 2 9
Gambia, The 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Ghana 0 1 1 0 0 5 2 0 9
Guinea 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 1 6
Guinea-Bissau 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Kenya 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Lesotho 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2
Liberia 1 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 4
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 3 5
Madagascar 0 1 0 0 0 4 0 0 4
Malawi 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 2
Mali 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 4
Mauritania 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 1 5
Mauritius 1 1 1 0 0 4 5 2 9
Morocco 2 1 1 1 0 15 11 5 31
Mozambique 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 2 3
Namibia 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 3
Niger 0 1 0 0 0 2 2 2 4
Nigeria 1 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 6
Rwanda 0 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 3
Sao Tome and Principe 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Senegal 1 1 1 1 0 7 7 3 15
Sierra Leone 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 2
Somalia 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
South Africa 1 1 1 0 0 10 7 3 17
Sudan 1 1 0 0 0 4 3 1 8
Swaziland 0 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 3
Togo 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 3
Tunisia 2 1 1 1 0 17 20 11 42
Uganda 0 1 0 0 0 4 1 1 5
United Republic of Tanzania 0 1 1 0 0 4 0 0 4
Zambia 0 1 0 0 0 2 1 0 3
Zimbabwe 0 1 1 0 0 6 3 0 9
Source: UNCTAD FDI/TNC database
a Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure reflects double-counting. The actual number of BITs between developing countries as a whole and African countries is 108.
b Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure relects double-counting. The actual number of BITs between African countries is 28.
c Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure reflects double-counting. The actual number of BITs between the world as a whole and African countries is 335.

 

Annex table 3. The number of double taxation treaties concluded by
individual African countries with developed and developing countries,
as of 1 January 1999

Country

 France Germany United
Kingdom		 United
States		 Japan Developed
Countries		 Developing
Countries		 Africa Total
world
Africa 27 13 29 7 4 196 103a 62b 319c
Algeria 1 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 10
Angola 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2
Benin 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
Botswana 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 4
Burkina Faso 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Cameroon 1 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 3
Central African Republic 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Comoros 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Congo 2 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 3
Cote d'Ivoire 1 1 1 0 0 8 0 0 8
Egypt 1 2 1 1 1 16 7 1 27
Ethiopia 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
Gabon 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Gambia, The 0 0 1 0 0 6 1 0 7
Ghana 1 0 3 0 0 5 0 0 5
Kenya 1 1 1 0 0 9 2 1 11
Lesotho 0 0 2 0 0 2 3 3 5
Liberia 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 0 3
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 4
Madagascar 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Malawi 1 0 1 0 0 7 1 1 8
Mali 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Mauritania 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Mauritius 1 1 1 0 0 8 20 9 29
Morocco 1 1 1 1 0 15 2 2 18
Mozambique 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Namibia 0 1 1 0 0 4 3 2 7
Niger 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Nigeria 1 0 1 0 0 7 1 0 11
Senegal 1 0 0 0 0 3 2 2 5
Seychelles 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 1 4
Sierra Leone 0 0 1 0 0 3 1 0 4
South Africa 1 2 2 2 1 24 19 13 47
Sudan 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 1 3
Swaziland 0 0 1 0 0 2 2 2 4
Togo 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2
Tunisia 1 1 1 2 0 15 9 4 26
Uganda 0 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 5
United Republic of Tanzania 0 0 0 0 0 6 3 2 9
Zambia 1 1 1 0 1 13 5 4 19
Zimbabwe 1 1 1 0 0 8 3 2 13
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
a Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure reflects double-counting. The actual number if DTTs between all developing countries and African countries is 72.
b Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure reflects double-counting. The actual number of DTTs between African countries is 31.
c Because of the involvement of two parties in each treaty in Africa, the figure reflects double-counting. The actual number if DTTs between the world as a whole and African countries is 72.

 

Annex table 4. FDI outflows from selected OECD countries to Africa,a 1983-1997
cumulative flows

(Millions of dollars)

Country 1983-1987     Country 1988-1992     Country 1993-1997     Country 1983-1997
United States 1 091     United Kingdom 3 077     United States 5 710     United Kingdom 5 751
France 1 002     France 1 329     France 2 654     United States 5 327
Germany 416     Japan 995     United Kingdom 2 381     France 4 985
United Kingdom 292     Australia 412     Netherlands 1 512     Netherlands 1 763
Italy 280     Germany 330     Germany 666     Germany 1 412
Sweden 200     Switzerland 306     Canada 658     Italy 1 047
Norway 48     Netherlands 206     Italy 621     Japan 1 011
Netherlands 45     Belgium 190     Japan 383     Canada 698
Austria 41     Italy 145     Portugal 239     Portugal 268
Denmark 30     Canada 38     Spain 184     Norway 254
Finland 2     Finland 35     Norway 172     Sweden 218
Canada 2     Norway 34     Denmark 58     Spain 184
Portugal 0     Portugal 29     Austria 23     Switzerland 113
Spain 0     Austria 20     Sweden 16     Denmark 95
Belgium -35     Denmark 7     Australia 5     Austria 84
Switzerland -73     Sweden 3     Finland 3     Finland 41
Japan -367     Spain 0     Switzerland -120     Belgium 28
Australia -617     United States -1 474     Belgium -128     Australia -200
                           
Total 2 359       5 679       15 038       23 077
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database, based on information provided by the OECD.
a Only the member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC).

Annex table 5. FDI inflows into African countriesa, 1983-1997

(Annual average, millions of dollars)

Country/region 1983-1987 1988-1992 1993-1997
Nigeria 369 892 1503
Egypt 912 777 775
South Africa -38 9 755
Morocco 35 231 562
Tunisia 112 173 367
Angola 160 190 254
Algeria 2 -2 203
Cote d'Ivoire 49 -19 182
Ghana 4 15 133
Uganda -1 0 112
Namibia 5 53 110
Equatorial Guinea 2 12 109
United Republic of Tanzania -0 4 100
Zambia 39 108 93
Zimbabwe -5 -5 79
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya -102 82 66
Madagascar 2 14 57
Mali 0 -0 51
Senegal -7 22 51
Mozambique 2 13 50
Swaziland 20 63 39
Seychelles 13 19 35
Cameroon 114 -18 33
Mauritius 8 27 29
Gabon 67 50 26
Liberia 18 234 26
Chad 20 5 23
Congo 34 6 20
Sudan 1 -6 20
Malawi 1 14 19
Cape Verde 1 1 14
Kenya 27 29 14
Lesotho 3 12 13
Benin 0 3 11
Gambia, The 0 6 10
Djibouti 0 1 10
Burkina Faso 1 2 9
Guinea 5 21 9
Ethiopia -0 2 9
Mauritania 5 4 6
Togo 4 9 6
Sierra Leone -25 7 3
Rwanda 15 10 3
Guinea-Bissau 1 2 2
Burundi 2 1 1
Comoros 2 2 0
Congo, Democratic Republic of -41 -3 0
Central African Republic 7 -3 0
Somalia 9 -16 0
Niger 5 24 -6
Botswana 65 34 -12
       
Memorandum:      
       
Developing countries 17788.0 36827.1 118 372.6
       
Africa 1922.7 3112.5 5982.2

North Africa

 960.4 1256.0 1992.2

Other Africa

 962.2 1856.4 3990.0
       
Least developed countries:b      
Total 262.8 1080.8 1560.7
Africa 238.6 673.1 1012.8
       
Oil-exporting countries:c      
Total 7158.5 10967.9 25264.2
Africa 1668.9 2149.7 3246.7
North Africa 924.5 1030.9 1411.0
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
a Countries are ranked by the size of their average annual inflows in 1993-1997.
b Least developed countries include: Afganistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Western Samoa, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia. Not included are Bhutan, Eritrea, Sao Tome and Principe andTuvalu due to unavailability of data.
c Oil-exporting countries include: Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

 

Annex table 6. FDI outward stock from Africa, 1980-1997

(Millions of dollars)

Home region/economy 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997
Africa 6 253 15 319 26 632 38 098 39 041 43 137
             

North Africa

 299 448 865 1 239 1 273 1 417
             

Algeriaa

 98 156 183 233 233 233

Egyptb

 39 91 163 365 370 499

Libyan Arab jamahiriyac

 162 207 517 517 517 517

Morocco

 - - - 114d 141d 150d

Sudan

 - - - - - -

Tunisia

 - -e, f 2e 10e 11e 17e
             

Other Africa

 5 954 14 870 25 767 36 858 37 768 41 721
             

Angola

 - - 1g 0g -1g -2g

Beninh

 - 2 2 2 14 26

Botswanai

 3 3 10 88 87 83

Burkina Fasoj

 3 3 3 3 4 5

Burundi

 - - -k 1k 1k 1k

Cameroonl

 23 53 150 227 235 243

Cape Verde

- - 1m 4m 5m 5m

Central African Republicm

 - 2 18 46 52 57

Chadn

 1 1 36 84 92 102

Comoros

 - - 1g 1g 1g 1g

Congo

 - - - - - -

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

 - - - - - -

Cote d'Ivoire

 - - - - - -

Djibouti

 - - - - - -

Equatorial Guinea

 - - -k -k -k -k

Ethiopia

 - - - -o -o -o

Gabonj

 77 102 163 205 204 219

Gambia, The

 - - - - - -

Ghana

 - - - - - -

Guinea

 - - - - - -

Guinea-Bissau

 - - - - - -

Kenyam

 18 60 99 99 99 101

Lesotho

 - - -p -p -p -p

Liberiaq

 48 361 453 717 287 1 315

Madagascar

 - - - - - -

Malawi

 - - - - - -

Malim

 22 22 22 22 24 24

Mauritania

 - - 3r 3r 3r 3r

Maruritius

 - - 1p 93p 96p 99p

Mozambique

 - - - - - -

Namibia

 - - 80 15 13 16

Nigerj

 2 8 54 109 116 120

Nigeriah

 5 5 193 9 508 11 438 11 442 11 447

Rwanda

 - - - - - -

Senegali

 7 43 49 96 98 98

Seychellesi

 14 44 61 93 106 116

Sierra Leone

 - - - - - -

Somalia

 - - - - - -

South Africa

5 722 8 963 15 010s 23 326s 24 604s 27 461s

Swaziland

 9 9 40 155 100 64t

Togou

 2 2 2 2 9 11

Uganda

 - - - - - -

United Republic of Tanzania

 - - - - - -

Zambia

 - - - - - -

Zimbabwe

 - - - 28o 78o 106o
             
Memorandum:            
             
Developing countries 13 380 28 057 72 806 235 097 287 755 315 660
             
Least developed countriesv            

Total

 78 406 602 1 000 612 1 677

Africa

 78 402 596 994 606 1 668
             
Oil-exporting countriesw            

Total

 1 780 9 353 20 837 36 136 42 621 41 295

Africa

 404 5 796 10 686 12 996 13 011 13 174

North Africa

 299 448 865 1 125 1 131 1 267

Other Africa

 105 5 347 9 821 11 870 11 880 11 907
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
Data for 1997 are based on estimates.
a Estimated by accumulating flows since 1970.
b Estimated by accumulating flows since 1977.
c Estimated by accumulating flows since 1972.
d Estimated by accumulating flows since 1991.
e Estimated by accumulating flows since 1981.
f Negative accumulation of flows. However, this value is included in the regional and global total.
g Estimated by accumulating flows since 1990.
h Estimated by accumulating flows since 1979.
i Estimated by accumulating flows since 1976.
j Estimated by accumulating flows since 1974.
k Estimated by accumulating flows since 1989.
l Estimated by accumulating flows since 1973.
m Estimated by accumulating flows since 1975.
n Estimated by accumulating flows since 1978.
o Estimated by accumulating flows since 1993.
p Estimated by accumulating flows since 1988.
q Estimated by using the inward stock of the United States as a proxy.
r Estimated by accumulating flows since 1986.
s Estimated by accumulating flows since 1988.
t Estimated by accumulating flows since 1996.
u Estimated by accumulating flows since 1980.
v Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Western Samoa, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia. Not included are Bhutan, Eritrea, Sao Tome and Principe and Tuvalu due to unavailability of data.
w Oil-exporting countries include: Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

Annex table 7. FDI inflows as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation
in Africa, 1991-1997

(Per cent)

Country Amount
Algeria 1.1
Angola 50.6
Benin 3.0
Botswana -0.9
Burkina Faso 1.1
Burundi 0.5
Cameroon 1.6
Cape Verde 8.5
Central African Republic -1.8
Chad 14.9
Comoros 1.0
Congo 4.1
Congo, Democratic Republic of 0.5
Cote d'Ivoire 9.5
Djibouti 9.9
Egypt 6.1
Equatorial Guinea 226.7
Ethiopia 0.7
Gabon 2.5
Gambia, The 16.1
Ghana 10.4
Guinea 2.9
Guinea-Bissau 2.1
Kenya 0.9
Lesotho 1.7
Liberia 18.1
Libyan Arab Jamhiriya 1.4
Madagascar 12.7
Malawi 6.1
Mali 6.2
Mauritania 3.3
Mauritius 2.6
Morocco 7.7
Mozambique 4.6
Namibia 18.3
Niger 3.5
Nigeria 18.7
Rwanda 1.1
Senegal 5.2
Seychelles 19.6
Sierra Leone 4.7
Somalia 0.0
South Africa 2.7
Sudan 0.5
Swaziland 16.7
Togo 2.4
Tunisia 8.5
Uganda 10.9
United Republic of Tanzania 6.4
Zambia 9.5
Zimbabwe 3.5
   
Memorandum:  
   
Developing Countries 7.5
   
Africa 5.6
   

North Africa

 4.3

Other Africa

 6.7
   
Least developed countries a:  
   

Total

 4.8

Africa

 6.9
   
Oil-exporting countries b:  
   
Total 6.8

Africa

 6.9

North Africa

 3.9

Other Africa

 15.8
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.
a Least developed countries include: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Western Samoa, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia. Not included are Bhutan, Eritrea, Sao Tome and Principe and Tuvalu due to unavailability of data.
b Oil-exporting countries include: Algeria, Angola, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Cameroon, Congo, Ecuador, Egypt, Gabon, Indonesia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Mexico, Nigeria, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela.

Annex table 8. Programmes of selected OECD countries to promote outward FDI
in developing countries, 1997

 

Measures/Country Provision of
Information		 Matchmaking
between comapnies		 Missions and
seminars		 Support of
sectorial studies		 Support of
feasibility studies		 Project development
and start-up
Austria x No x No No x
Belgium x x x x x x
Canada x x x No x x
Denmark x x No No x x
Finland x No x x x x
France x No No No x x
Germany x x x x x x
Italy x x x x x x
Japan x x x x x x
Netherlands x x x x x x
Sweden x x No No x No
Switzerland x x x x x x
United States x x x x x x
Source: UNCTAD, based on International Finance Corporation, 1997.

 

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